Dr Satoshi Akima FRACP 『秋間聰』 @ToshiAkima
Nephrology & Internal Medicine. Immunothrombosis incl DIC. @ISTH Member. No Conflicts of Interest. Views my own etc bsky.app/profile/toshia… Sydney, Australia Joined September 2012-
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Elevated CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere limit the degree the equilibrium goes right. Thus, excess CO2 will affect the maximum pH the aerosol reaches. The virus is sensitive to the pH in this region (>10); any subtle change in pH can have a large effect in aerostability.
Interesting to look back now at the time when the first indoor CO2 limits were imposed by law. (in UK) In 1904 a ventilation standard of 1200 ppm CO2 was considered “much too lax” by the medical authorities (!) and they pleaded for a maximum of 900 ppm CO2 in working places. 1/3
Interesting to look back now at the time when the first indoor CO2 limits were imposed by law. (in UK) In 1904 a ventilation standard of 1200 ppm CO2 was considered “much too lax” by the medical authorities (!) and they pleaded for a maximum of 900 ppm CO2 in working places. 1/3 https://t.co/dn7uxzm0Fm
A nice electron microscope picture of a respiratory aerosol, in case you've never seen one.
@erbrooker I've heard from so many people that CO2 they see in UK classrooms is around 3,000ppm. It's one of the reasons we measured the long decay at that level. At that level, in effect, the final 10-20% of the exhaled viral load just kind of stops decaying, and begins to accumulate.
"These observations confirm the critical importance of ventilation and maintaining low CO2 concentrations in indoor environments for mitigating disease transmission". We urgently need to address the shockingly high cO2 in UK classrooms. My son's maths class ⬇️
"These observations confirm the critical importance of ventilation and maintaining low CO2 concentrations in indoor environments for mitigating disease transmission". We urgently need to address the shockingly high cO2 in UK classrooms. My son's maths class ⬇️ https://t.co/8JkwXeWsGO
It has become popular to use CO2 monitors to estimate risk. This is based upon the idea that the CO2 informs about how well a space is ventilated. From our study, the results show that the levels of the CO2 will also inform about how long the virus remains infectious in the air.
I’m excited to discuss our latest research on how ambient CO2 affects how long #SARSCoV2 remains infectious in air. We report that even subtle increases in CO2 affects both how long #COVIDisAirborne and transmission risk. Here’s a🧵going over the findings nature.com/articles/s4146…
1860's: We physically raised central Chicago to improve the sewer system and stop cholera! 2024: We can't install portable air filtration and UV systems in hospitals to stop c.ovi.d and other airborne diseases. We'd have to change the filters and bulbs! en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_o…
We're about to launch our first wearable fresh air monitor on Kickstarter. Make sure you don't miss out on the fantastic rewards we have on offer. #MaskUp #CleanIndoorAir #COVIDisAirborne #COVIDisNotOver #IAQ
The home complained about the brochure to the owner of our company. I have a virtual meeting and will likely be fired I think. Oh well.
Nothing has changed. #COVIDisAirborne
Nothing has changed. #COVIDisAirborne
this here is crock: "it would be problematic to use ‘airborne’ for all pathogens that spread through the air. “They think it’s too scary, too frightening, has too many connotations and it will cause panic, so they chose ‘through the air’,”" nature.com/articles/d4158…
It just might be the biggest scandal you've never heard of. Read my latest: "The WHO's claim that COVID wasn't airborne cost millions of lives. Now, they're changing the definition of airborne" thegauntlet.news/p/the-whos-cla…
Why did @WHO want to change the definition of airborne? Read this: thegauntlet.news/p/the-whos-cla…
"The findings of this study including 3.9 million children suggest that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 was associated with significant reductions in COVID-19 incidence and hospitalizations among children in California." Study: jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman… miragenews.com/covid-19-vacci…
Alas the cause is a complete mystery…
What damage did the pandemic do to our children asks #r4today “Very little direct damage from Covid” says @JustinOnWeb Really Justin? Would you like to justify that statement? Also the pandemic is ongoing!
"CO2 Levels" project launch: I've started a new project to provide interactive data analysis on CO2 levels. The data is gathered from Aranet monitors or can be entered manually. 🧵
New study. We compared the immune response of XBB and JN.1 in human infections to evaluate the necessity for #SARSCOV2 vaccine updates Results: JN.1 exposure induces higher neutralization against emerging mutants, including FLiRT (JN.1+346T+456L) and KP.3 biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
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@WorldHealthSmt @DrBronKing In summary, I remain personally COVID-conscious and have developed a regular routine that I do not find difficult to maintain (noting my privileges). Key points are: 1. I always carry an N95 mask and pocket-sized CO2 monitor 2. I wear my mask indoors at readings above 1,000ppm…
@WorldHealthSmt @DrBronKing However, pretty much all of the ‘personal protection’ approach described above is a stop-gap solution, until clean indoor air standards are developed and implemented. We are going through the equivalent of a ‘boiling our own water’ period for indoor air. In high income countries,…
@WorldHealthSmt @DrBronKing As many who follow me know, apart from following my personal “mask above 1,000 (now 800)” rule, for extra protection in meeting rooms, restaurants and the like I carry a small personal air purifier. I don’t think it’s wise to heavily rely on these but there is evidence that they…
@WorldHealthSmt @DrBronKing Airborne controls are one of the 3 layered protections we have for COVID-19 and influenza, the others are vaccination and testing (and acting on that test result). Using all three is important. On the one occasion when one of our children was infected, it did not transmit to the…
@WorldHealthSmt @DrBronKing One of the highest risk spaces for me is my home. I have young children who attend primary school, schools being a major source of community acquired COVID and flu. I don’t wear a mask at home unless one of us knowingly has COVID - we do test frequently. Our mitigation for this…
@WorldHealthSmt @DrBronKing The conference was in the extraordinary MCEC in Melbourne is a very large volume and well mechanically ventilated space, reflected in CO2 readings well under 800ppm in most spaces I was in. That was not always the case in smaller more crowded meeting rooms, and so in those…
@WorldHealthSmt @DrBronKing As an important aside, while I’m privileged to afford interventions like these and others I will mention, there are relatively inexpensive CO2 monitors out there and they last for ages, and while N95 or equivalent masks are expensive (generally $5+ each), each of mine lasts a…
@WorldHealthSmt @DrBronKing I always carry with me the two core tools of personal protection; a CO2 monitor and an N95 mask. I wear an N95 mask if CO2 readings are higher than 1,000 (I’m in the process of revising that down to 800ppm for reasons I will explain another day), or if someone around me is unwell…
During last week’s regional @WorldHealthSmt conference, @DrBronKing and I traveled on a bus for a 15 minute trip with 30 or so other delegates. As the reading on the CO2 monitor shows, this was high risk for COVID/flu transmission. It was an easy risk assessment; we both wore…
@RealAnitaWhite It's very concerning, CO2 readings in busses can be extreme. Of course, having the air re-circulation button turned off (if it has one) so air comes in to the bus from the outside, can make a big positive difference as I understand it - @YouAreLobbyLud is much more across this.
@CrabbBrendan Six hour bus trip each way for school camp in winter coming up. I can tell you right now, the school camp information will contain ZERO information about Covid mitigation and air quality. Zero. They will also state it is compulsory to attend.
Thread on my routine for personal risk assessment for airborne infections. A surprise at the end, that provides a compelling additional reason to monitor CO2. 1/
🧠🔥Brains on fire... "'My daughter's personality changed overnight - every parent needs to know the cause'" *Everyone* should know about the risk of PANS/PANDAS. So many kids going through this right now. devonlive.com/news/devon-new…
AhhHAhh.
Elevated CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere limit the degree the equilibrium goes right. Thus, excess CO2 will affect the maximum pH the aerosol reaches. The virus is sensitive to the pH in this region (>10); any subtle change in pH can have a large effect in aerostability.
Source: Standards of Ventilation - J. S. Haldane (1904) ia600708.us.archive.org/view_archive.p… 3/3
A great quote from this document: “This question of the relation of ventilation to the risks of infection conveyed directly through the air from person to person is, to my mind, probably the most important one in connection with the whole subject which we are discussing.” 2/3
Interesting to look back now at the time when the first indoor CO2 limits were imposed by law. (in UK) In 1904 a ventilation standard of 1200 ppm CO2 was considered “much too lax” by the medical authorities (!) and they pleaded for a maximum of 900 ppm CO2 in working places. 1/3
It has become popular to use CO2 monitors to estimate risk. This is based upon the idea that the CO2 informs about how well a space is ventilated. From our study, the results show that the levels of the CO2 will also inform about how long the virus remains infectious in the air.
Is it fair to say that the path of progress is neither linear, nor continuous? 🤦
Interesting to look back now at the time when the first indoor CO2 limits were imposed by law. (in UK) In 1904 a ventilation standard of 1200 ppm CO2 was considered “much too lax” by the medical authorities (!) and they pleaded for a maximum of 900 ppm CO2 in working places. 1/3
Arrived to find no indication of airborne precautions being necessary, no signage, nothing. Drs and most nurses in auras. All other staff - including food service and cleaning in surgicals. Patients being provided w surgicals for when they leave their room. 3/