Brandon Adams @brandon_adams
Saved by grace. Mostly 2LBC Baptist (with 1, maybe more exceptions). Video producer. https://t.co/Cbv75tp09c contrast2.wordpress.com Woodland, WA Joined January 2009-
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Listening to this while working. What a tremendous blessing to the church Dr. Renihan is! youtube.com/watch?v=v154im…
No, the church has not always been Israel. The church is eschatological Israel. There is a difference. On the other hand, the church did not replace Israel. But the church did supersede Israel. There is a difference.
No, the church has not always been Israel. The church is eschatological Israel. There is a difference. On the other hand, the church did not replace Israel. But the church did supersede Israel. There is a difference.
"The threefold division of the law" A helpful little booklet by Jonathan F. Bayes that I read years ago. Includes some interesting early church quotes. christian.org.uk/wp-content/upl…
Richard Barcellos @richbarcellos
7K Followers 276 Following Pastor, Associate Professor of Exegetical Theology, IRBSJosh Sommer @1689Broadcast
2K Followers 194 Following Pastor of https://t.co/jAxJaSH2Y9 #KCMO #KC. Graduate of Spurgeon College - MBTS. Founder of The Baptist Broadcast. Go here: https://t.co/HbKe4riwXdTom Hicks @TomHicks2LCF
4K Followers 720 Following I serve as pastor at First Baptist Church of Clinton, Louisiana.Petty France @Petty_France
3K Followers 625 Following Craic & Blarney; Archives & Palaeography; Resourcerer of Baptistic Congregationalist & Particular Baptist history. Bilingüe, más o menos.Craig A. Carter @CraigACarter1
8K Followers 1K Following Research Professor of Theology at Tyndale University & Theologian in Residence at Westney Heights Baptist Church. Doing theology for the church under the 2LCF.Jake Stone @jake_stone89
2K Followers 985 Following Member @ RBC Louisville | Student @SBTS | Research Expert @SBTSLibrary | Fellow @AFCBS | Co-Host Generally Particular | Baptist Editor @LondonLyceum |Covenant Baptist Theo.. @CBTSeminary
5K Followers 792 Following A Confessional Reformed Baptist Seminary. We facilitate distance education in order to assist local churches in training men for the ministry (2 Tim 2:2).Gregg Kite 🦡 @Regener8dRadio
3K Followers 2K Following Husband to @libbykite /Dad to 5 || Pastor, Trinity Baptist Wamego || @cbtseminary Student || Podcast host || 1689 Federalist Baptist || AbolitionistMitch Chase @mitchellchase
6K Followers 2K Following Following Jesus. Preaching at Kosmosdale Baptist Church. Professoring at SBTS in Biblical Studies. Writing stuff. Loving my wife and kids. Refilling my coffee.Particular Baptist He.. @BaptistBooks
2K Followers 626 Following Heirloom quality republications of historic Particular Baptist works. [email protected]Brian Onstead @brianonstead
1K Followers 655 Following Sinner lavished with grace in Christ. Husband, father of three. Westminster Seminary California and IRBS alum. Nebraska native, GBR! 1689 Pastor in Wyoming.James Dorman IV @alfredsparks
7K Followers 827 Following 📖 Presbyterian (OPC) | Husband | 4 covenant children | Tweeting primarily about Family Worship, Evangelism, and Puritans - @PuritanMinesThe Particular Baptis.. @TheParticularB
2K Followers 254 Following A confessional Baptist ministry striving to supplement what is taught in the pulpit and bring the Gospel to the lost.Allen S. Nelson IV @cuatronelson
10K Followers 2K Following Shoe wearin’ Arkansan. Husband to 1, dad to 6. Pastor. 1689. M.Div, @gbtseminary. Preacher. Writer. Christ is King! More: https://t.co/1TJfHm7X29Timothy Decker @timldecker
837 Followers 317 Following Particular Baptist, Patriarch, Pastor, ProfessorJ. Ryan Davidson ☧ @jryandavidson
1K Followers 2K Following Christian, Husband, Daddy(x4), Reformed Catholic, Pastor (2LBCF), Seminary Professor, Counselor. Research: Early Christianity; Pastoral TheologyThe London Lyceum @LondonLyceum
4K Followers 2K Following Serious thinking for a serious church. Home of @HanoverPressLL 📘 Podcast, YouTube, Journal, Essays, and Books. Find out more 👇🏻Daniel Scheiderer @1689Dogmatician
884 Followers 907 Following Pastor at https://t.co/MkhF3w4jHX | Writer @BDogmatics | PhD in ST @SBTS (2022) | Authored Still Confessing @FoundersMin | 11B Army vet | Adjunct ST prof @IRBS_1689babeltype @babeltype
54 Followers 168 FollowingKymani Doyle @KymaniDoyl24428
11 Followers 706 FollowingJack_R @JHR71955515
3K Followers 6K Following Born-again Christian, Conservative, US Navy vet, Builder of wooden ship models. Citizen of Heaven, Ambassador to Earth. I block stupidity & violence!The Reurn to Noah Ark.. @AngelaY52867154
483 Followers 6K Following Today is your Tomorrow in our Lord Jesus Christ. Join me as we journey to the year 2052. The Return to Noah Ark by Angela Battiste Young on Amazon.Pessy @kuyperianpresby
1 Followers 32 FollowingBrian Pelon @bpelon77
26 Followers 222 FollowingDiamond Rivas @lilhoneybee88
2 Followers 46 FollowingChris Elston @cselston
77K Followers 60K Following ✝️ Jesus Freak (Rom. 1:16); Husband (Eph. 5:25); Screenwriter & Author (1 Pet. 4:10); Entrepreneur (Phil. 3:14.) Truth: @ChrisElston 🇺🇸 Blog: #LifeOfElstonOne love @fodayjaiteh2022
3K Followers 6K Following Humble and grateful #pureblood #truthseeker🫶🏽✌🏽 Luke 6:38 ❤️Steven Ullmer @StevenUllmer
7K Followers 3K Following †Christ is King | Born Again | Dad to 6 | widowed-https://t.co/FAwgEFpjWd | remarried-https://t.co/0QIno8iYky | #JesusIsGod #ExposeTheDarknessTom Sheppard @rtsheppard
80 Followers 147 Following Crucified with Christ- Husband•Evangelist•Amillennial •1689Federalism• Writer for The Art of WorshipEricJMJensen⚓️Heb.. @ActualEJMJensen
713 Followers 868 Following ✝️ Be reconciled to God, 2Cor5.20,21; Only Jesus Christ can make you a new Creature w/ a New Life today, 2Cor5.17; 35yrs Married 3Dec23; Basenji♥️ersTony @td112581
3 Followers 22 FollowingGoing The Distance @AlostorangeJ
0 Followers 242 FollowingTopher Lucas @CM_Lucas11
131 Followers 203 Following Father. Husband. Son. Teacher. Front Porch Philosopher. By the grace of God working to conform to the Scriptures.Mom of Little Women @tulipsandroses0
521 Followers 435 Following Redeemed by Christ, wife to @zacharydparks & homeschooling mama of 4. Soli Deo gloria! 🌷 Titus 2 💕Jared Hiller @heavymetalkid22
153 Followers 740 FollowingJoseph Louthan @JosephLouthan
19 Followers 110 Following Trying to waste my time with God. Studying @cbtseminary. Preacher of the Gospel. #AmWriting at https://t.co/vxKRZZfLjg. #StarCraft2 Elderly. (Mostly @Nachoz4k)Andrew Dai @AndrewDai16
21 Followers 37 FollowingJust_Wondering @JustWon56148013
47 Followers 603 FollowingNathan Gill @regressivewhig
102 Followers 157 Following Laudator Temporis Acti | Teacher | Fellow @BezaInstitute | Alum @Hillsdale | Upstate NYLuke Wartgow @LukeWartgow
127 Followers 236 Following A man saved by Jesus\Husband and Father. Douglas County, NV\ Pastor at Carson Valley Bible ChurchGabriel Hughes @Pastor_Gabe
20K Followers 185 Following Christian. Husband. Dad. Voice of #WWUTT. Pastor of Providence Church. Daily Bible reading on Hear the Word of the Lord. The best Bible app is @Literal_Word.Monoki🐰 @monokitsune_x3
3K Followers 5K Following Artist and Musician•Reformed-ish ✝️•The Pastel Goth Robot Buni with a penchant for finding Lovecraftian Monsters.Christopher Cleveland @Christophe44555
60 Followers 164 Following Reformed Catholic Credobaptist, Reformed Thomist, Author of Thomism in John Owen. I exist to show people Jesus ChristJon Collins @jonathco
289 Followers 282 Following Christian, husband, homeschool dad, & pastor at Village Bible Church. Outspoken family man. Mediocre IT guy by day.Timothy Gatewood @T_A_Gatewood
1K Followers 547 Following Theology Instructor at @MBTS • Member of @Emmauskc • Executive Editor of @CredoMagazine • Associate Director of @CenterClassicalDustin Saunders @dustinjsaunders
300 Followers 719 Following husband. father. confessionally and convictionally baptist. pastor @ Del Cerro Baptist Church https://t.co/noRYslsFBQSarah Johnson @sarah_john77012
9 Followers 21 FollowingNick Mason @NicolasMason
217 Followers 324 Following A great sinner with a greater Savior. Husband. Father. Soli Deo Gloria!Chatorio Smith @Torio116
765 Followers 2K Following Lover of Jesus, husband to my sweet bride @Skaleighs121, dad of 3, & pastor of discipleship at Charis Church, and host of @barreledintruth podcast!Thaps @ThapeloLdf
1K Followers 4K Following Fides quaerens intellectum; 1/3 @lastdaysfam; Autodidact; Organic intellectual lecture ala Hlaudi MotsoenengDrew Thomas @mdrewthomas
611 Followers 777 Following Christ Alone - Husband & Dad - Bi-Vocational - Worship Leader - Custodial Engineer - Smoker of Meats - Wannabe Chef - MSU Bulldogs - Astros - GrizzliesGabriel Cranford @notgabrieljones
10 Followers 60 FollowingColton Yarbro @ColtonYarbro
132 Followers 266 Following Christ Alone. Husband to Erica. Daddy to Micah, Gideon, Arwen, and Molly. Confessional Baptist.Alex @Alex_tect
669 Followers 3K Following Jesucristo es el Señor, no el César | Catolicidad Reformada | Protestante | Arquitectura | I Love Baseball. ⚾Grand Marshall of Car.. @marshalldukat
2K Followers 5K Following Everything I have lost I will regain. It's only a matter of time.Every Man's Conscienc.. @Everyconscience
20 Followers 183 Following COMING SOON from @HesedandEmet : Every Man's Conscience: Early English Baptists and the Fight for Religious Liberty by @RyanBurtonKing. DM for booking requests.Justin W. Nichols @_justinwilliam
661 Followers 396 Following Slave to Christ. Seeking a Godly wife. Biblical Counselor and Prosthodontist in training. CREC planting in IA. Avid seeker of truth, theology and health.MaNzuza🦋🤍 @MaNzuza_Anele
1K Followers 2K Following Christian//Saved by Grace alone//ophidiophobia //anti-feminist💆//Reformed Baptist__main__ @craigalodon
11 Followers 1K Following Consigned to scroll without reprieve. "Quite insightful" - @ChatGPTapp. Pioneering author of avant-garde autobiography published by @Facebook.Justin @daze_noah
301 Followers 475 FollowingShelby Watkins @ShelbyW99154262
0 Followers 105 FollowingCameron Keith @CameronKMusic
70 Followers 193 Following Songwriter - New album, Nothing and No One - Available Now: https://t.co/UXUMokbLN0Matt Connolly @MattConnollyFL
49 Followers 384 Following Husband. Member @KenwoodBC. SBTS ThM Student; MDIV Grad. Moody alum. WOLBI alum.Richard Barcellos @richbarcellos
7K Followers 276 Following Pastor, Associate Professor of Exegetical Theology, IRBSTom Hicks @TomHicks2LCF
4K Followers 720 Following I serve as pastor at First Baptist Church of Clinton, Louisiana.Petty France @Petty_France
3K Followers 625 Following Craic & Blarney; Archives & Palaeography; Resourcerer of Baptistic Congregationalist & Particular Baptist history. Bilingüe, más o menos.Tom Ascol @tomascol @tomascol
52K Followers 919 Following Husband to Donna. Father. Paps to 18. Pastor: @gracebaptist. President: @FoundersMin & @iopt_FL. Redeemed by Jesus through grace. TAMU '79Covenant Baptist Theo.. @CBTSeminary
5K Followers 792 Following A Confessional Reformed Baptist Seminary. We facilitate distance education in order to assist local churches in training men for the ministry (2 Tim 2:2).Gregg Kite 🦡 @Regener8dRadio
3K Followers 2K Following Husband to @libbykite /Dad to 5 || Pastor, Trinity Baptist Wamego || @cbtseminary Student || Podcast host || 1689 Federalist Baptist || AbolitionistMitch Chase @mitchellchase
6K Followers 2K Following Following Jesus. Preaching at Kosmosdale Baptist Church. Professoring at SBTS in Biblical Studies. Writing stuff. Loving my wife and kids. Refilling my coffee.Dr Jordan B Cooper @DrJordanBCooper
18K Followers 295 Following Director of @justandsinner, President of ALTS, husband to @lalalisacooper, father. The Lutheran Frasier Crane. Speaking requests: [email protected]Michael Foster @thisisfoster
45K Followers 201 Following I'm the pastor of East River Church and co-author of It’s Good to Be a Man. My wife and I live with our eight children on a small farm in Batavia, OH.James Dorman IV @alfredsparks
7K Followers 827 Following 📖 Presbyterian (OPC) | Husband | 4 covenant children | Tweeting primarily about Family Worship, Evangelism, and Puritans - @PuritanMinesThe Particular Baptis.. @TheParticularB
2K Followers 254 Following A confessional Baptist ministry striving to supplement what is taught in the pulpit and bring the Gospel to the lost.Guilt Grace Gratitude.. @guiltgracepod
9K Followers 534 Following Bridging the gap to Reformed Christian Theology w/ Nick, Peter, and Danny. Tweets by Peter. Support: https://t.co/wbW3lqESVMJeffrey D. Johnson @1689Jeffrey
7K Followers 71 Following Founding Pastor (@GBCconway), President of @GBTSeminary, and founder of @freegracepress.Nate Pickowicz @NatePickowicz
48K Followers 554 Following Christian | Husband | Dad | Pastor | WriterJ. Ryan Davidson ☧ @jryandavidson
1K Followers 2K Following Christian, Husband, Daddy(x4), Reformed Catholic, Pastor (2LBCF), Seminary Professor, Counselor. Research: Early Christianity; Pastoral TheologyJonathan Leeman @JonathanLeeman
23K Followers 135 Following Aspiring ecclesiologist. Trying to stay in my lane. Cheverly Baptist Church.The London Lyceum @LondonLyceum
4K Followers 2K Following Serious thinking for a serious church. Home of @HanoverPressLL 📘 Podcast, YouTube, Journal, Essays, and Books. Find out more 👇🏻FoundersMin @FoundersMin
31K Followers 4 Following Founders Ministries exists for the Recovery of the Gospel and Reformation of Churches | 1689 The Institute of Public Theology: @IOPT_FL President: @tomascolDaniel Scheiderer @1689Dogmatician
884 Followers 907 Following Pastor at https://t.co/MkhF3w4jHX | Writer @BDogmatics | PhD in ST @SBTS (2022) | Authored Still Confessing @FoundersMin | 11B Army vet | Adjunct ST prof @IRBS_1689Jason A. Staples @jasonstaples
3K Followers 425 Following Ass. Teaching Prof @NCState | Paul & Israel: https://t.co/QupdnefGj2 | Idea of Israel: https://t.co/4yBJnsHdsh | Opinions my children’s | Sports: @DocStaplesBrad Wilcox @BradWilcoxIFS
28K Followers 3K Following Professor @UVA | Fellow @FamStudies | Fellow @AEI | Order GET MARRIED: https://t.co/cnpIrktyxIArden Hodgins @HodginsArden
2 Followers 8 FollowingBob the baptist @Second_Londoner
457 Followers 444 Following @cbtseminary ° separated by the blood ° xwitter sux ° youtuber (youtube sux) ° be urselfHaunted Cosmos Podcas.. @HauntedCosmos_
10K Followers 110 Following Mostly hinged Christian duo @Brian_Sauve and @tompawnbadil are turning on the lights in the darkest cracks of a world that is anything but mere stuff.Andrew Owen 🦡 @Particular_Drew
1K Followers 487 Following Reformed Baptist. Lover of Covenant Theology. Student of Reformers and Puritans. Husband. Dad. Scotch and coffee. Member of Grace Life Church, AnkenyBaptist Dogmatics @BDogmatics
238 Followers 186 Following Reformed Baptists Contemplating the Glory of God with the Great Tradition for the Sake of the Church @1689Dogmatician and @andrewbdsparksThe Modern Puritan @modpuritanpod
256 Followers 26 Following We talk to authors, pastors, and theologians in the Reformed tradition | Presented by @RHB_Books𝐌𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐚�.. @MichaelCarlino
666 Followers 479 Following Christian. Husband of @kyliecarlino. Father of two. Member of @kenwoodbc. Operations Director @CBMWorg. Student Associate @sbtsrevitalize. PhD Candidate @SBTS.Christ Over All @Christ_OverAll
2K Followers 67 Following Christ Over All is a fellowship of pastor-theologians dedicated to helping the church see Christ as Lord and everything else under his feet.DavidSchrock @DavidSchrock
3K Followers 187 Following Christian. Husband. Father. Pastor of Preaching @OccoquanBible. Professor of Theology @IndyTheoSem. Editor-in-Chief https://t.co/2wrR96iUTXCaleb Lenard @CT_Lenard
517 Followers 687 Following Husband | Father | Pastor https://t.co/yIn4davfWO | DEdMin, Applied Theology @SBTS | CrossFit | Coffee | Host of Theology for the Church PodcastD. Patrick Ramsey @dprmsy
333 Followers 90 Following Son of an Ulsterman, born and raised in Nova Scotia, now living in Western PA. Pastor of Nashua OPC 🇨🇦🇬🇧🇺🇸Caleb M. Powers @CalebMPowers
3K Followers 1K Following 21st Century Puritan. Married to @carlympowers. Dad to two. Audio Guy at @canonpress. Host of many podcasts. Called by some the C.S. Lewis of RPGs.Lucas Enge @TheMosaicHealth
26 Followers 45 Following Personal Trainer, Nutritionist & Biohacker | Belief. Belly. BodyLuke @L_Mace82
179 Followers 330 Following 2LCF. A pastor at GBC Chambersburg, currently a MATS student @CBTSeminary.Mason Craig @masonscottcraig
421 Followers 350 Following Reformed (URCNA) | MA @westernseminary | BA @uoregon | Hobbies: theology, fitness, apps, and strategy games𝔻𝕚𝕤𝕔𝕝�.. @2016Disclosure
5K Followers 432 Following Crew at #DisclosureNewsItalia ⏳ Telegram Channel https://t.co/wMTejQPJhEJeff Wiesner @JeffreyPWiesner
2K Followers 434 Following Husband of 1 | Father of 4 | Particular Baptist Pastor @covbapdentonMichael Clary @dmichaelclary
8K Followers 2K Following Pastor. Reformed. Conservative. Book: “God’s Good Design” https://t.co/BVyGWrFvuK Substack: https://t.co/si9IPuv28a Links: https://t.co/Z6cr5M9vZOChip Thornton, PhD @chipleymac
486 Followers 45 Following Christ-follower | Husband | Father | Pastor | Former D1 athleteRichard Lucas @RichardJLucasJr
312 Followers 103 Following Pastor of Teaching & Reaching @FBCJax | Co-Editor: Covenantal & Dispensational Theologies (IVP, 2022)Jeff Lacine @JeffLacine
239 Followers 348 Following child of God by grace; husband; father of 4; pastor of Sellwood Church in Portland; 1689LCF; student of the Bible & church historyJoshua Holder @JDHolder1689
114 Followers 186 FollowingHercules Knollys @HerculesKnollys
72 Followers 234 Following Soli visibiliter fideles sunt baptizendiBlake Johnson @blake_w_johnson
64 Followers 56 FollowingEd Romine @edromine
2K Followers 2K Following I'm a Southern Baptist preacher. I love Jesus Christ and his Church. PhD and second ThM @MBTS. First ThM and MDiv @SWBTS. BA in Music @HendersonStateUMichael R. Freeman @mfreeman27
254 Followers 1K Following I love Jesus, my family, my church and am passionate about showing people the redeeming love of God that I have experienced.Providence Reformed B.. @provrbc
231 Followers 27 Following We are a Reformed Baptist church in full subscription to the Second London Baptist Confession of Faith (1677/1689) | #1689r #ReformedBaptist #SCARBCPaul Henebury @DrReluctant
505 Followers 64 Following President of Telos Ministries & Prof. at Telos Institute; displaced Brit; Leeds United supporter.Bobby Howell @SirRobertHowell
836 Followers 759 Following Saved by God | Husband | Father | Pastor | TeacherReformation Seminary @reformationsem
276 Followers 8 Following A one-year, graduate program designed to prepare men to exegete, preach, shepherd, and plant a biblical church.Reformation Today @1689Confession
423 Followers 153 Following Promoting the historical Reformed Baptist faith Reformation Today magazine Carey Ministers' conference African Pastors' conferences 1689 Confession of FaithTim Giovanetto @TimGiovanetto
356 Followers 321 Following Reformed/Particular Baptist churchman seeking the beatific vision. 1677/89 2LCF. I mostly post theological quotes and #BaptistCatechismDaily.Andy Naselli @AndyNaselli
8K Followers 162 Following Joyfully loyal to King Jesus | husband of Jenni, father of 4 | professor of systematic theology and New Testament at @BCS_MN | a pastor of @NorthChurchMNThe Corner Room (Adam.. @cornerroommusic
3K Followers 498 Following “The Words of Jesus, Volume 1” available now! Learn more at https://t.co/hoP6ElCaXW.Broken Wharfe @BrokenWharfe
1K Followers 616 Following Broken Wharfe exists to glorify Christ and edify his church through the provision of confessional Baptist resources.It's Good To Be A Man @itsgoodtobeaman
4K Followers 1 Following A ministry of @thisisfoster and @bnonn to extend God's house & father-rule, by helping men to establish their own houses in strength, workmanship & wisdom.Reformed Books Online @RefBooksOnline
215 Followers 94 Following https://t.co/79HhCyJMCn has the best, free, Biblical, reformed books and articles online. Try it out!“A canonical reading [i.e., sensus plenior] is not optional; it is demanded by what Scripture *is.*” –Wellum, ST
We must neglect no opportunity that is offered us for the furtherance of the gospel. —John Calvin, Commentaries XVIII:137, on Peter and John going to the temple at the hour of prayer, Acts 3:2
The best answer to "Are you an Anti-vaxxer?" therealdrjudy.com/judy-mikovits-… Clip with subtitles with Forrest Maready, author of “The Moth in the Iron Lung”, with Bret Weinstein, host of the DarkHose Podcast. April 20th. Full interview: rumble.com/v4qh2kh-the-un… Bret Weinstein: Are you…
"I can speak confidently for many thousands of Christians a sincere word of gratitude to him for his unrelenting & uncompromised love of the Bible, the God of the Bible, the redemption of the Bible & his work to make it known." ~Tom Nettles on Wayne Grudem founders.org/articles/a-sta…
@brandon_adams I'll add that to my reading list, Brandon! Thanks for all the great resources.
Sin in the believer’s life 🙏🙏
@AverageSc0t Fear of being labeled charismatic? Fear of what happens if it fails? Not having an explanation of why it's a practice? Not wanting to be labeled sacerdotal?
I believe, like many of the Baptist Founders, anointing the sick with oil is a Biblical practice.
@brandon_adams Bro I have been dying for some solid baptistic NBA playoff commentary. Barkley comes across nearly papist in his analysis
The volume of Christian men under 40 who long for older and wiser mentors is staggering. If you have years of life experience, love God and want to leave a lasting impact, look for young men in your orbit. Take them out for lunch or just invite them to do something with your…
Watch as @BeeGuyTravis OWNS Jordan Peterson with FACTS and LOGIC
"The [new] covenant is so superior as to have even a retroactive power, extending back to the first covenant. . .The perfecting effected by Christ is carried back to the Old Testament believers. Thus a retroactive effect is ascribed to the work of Christ. These Old Testament…
Chicken coop/run progress update. Almost done! 🐓🍗🐔🐣
Listening to this while working. What a tremendous blessing to the church Dr. Renihan is! youtube.com/watch?v=v154im…
As I prepare to preach through the Mosaic Covenant I would like everyone to know that my Baptist covenant theology is being intensified.
@Regener8dRadio And informative, getting to directly pick Sam’s brain on the apparent discrepancy between Coxe’s “formal ratifying” the CoG with Abraham with Sam’s own formulation