Elon Musk predicts AI compute in space could become cheaper than terrestrial AI far sooner than most people expect....possibly within just 2–3 years
Because solar panels in orbit can generate roughly 5x more usable energy than on Earth because there’s:
• No atmosphere blocking sunlight
• No day-night cycle
• No seasonal variation
• Continuous exposure to the Sun
• Far higher solar energy efficiency than on Earth
Space-based solar can eventually become cheaper than terrestrial solar because you don’t need massive protective structures, heavy glass, or weather-resistant infrastructure
And once launch costs fall low enough with fully reusable rockets like Starship, deploying AI clusters in orbit could become economically compelling
The future of AI will scale with solar-powered compute infrastructure operating directly in space
Right before you fall asleep, your hands and feet get warmer. That warming is the real trigger that switches your brain into sleep mode. A 1999 Nature paper tested it against melatonin, core body temperature, heart rate, and how sleepy people felt. The hand and foot warming won.
The drawing in the tweet works on this exact trigger. The pose has a name in Japan: Mōkan Undō, or "capillary exercise." Katsuzō Nishi designed it in 1927. He was the chief technical engineer on the Tokyo subway, Japan's first. It became one of six daily exercises in his system, still done in Japan today.
You lie on your back, point your arms and legs straight up, and shake them for thirty seconds. While the limbs are up, gravity drains the blood from them. When you lower them, the blood floods back into your hands and feet, warming them in seconds. Your brain reads that warming as a green light to sleep.
The shaking activates a separate reflex, the kind most mammals use after a scare. Dogs and rabbits shake themselves off after a fright for the same reason. Dr. David Berceli, a trauma therapist, built a whole method around it, with certified instructors now in 40 countries. The shaking flips your nervous system out of "I'm wired" mode and into "I'm safe to sleep" mode.
Nishi got the biology wrong. He believed capillaries, the tiny blood vessels at the ends of your veins, did the pumping. William Harvey, an English doctor, had shown the heart did the work, three centuries earlier, in 1628. The exercise still works, for entirely different reasons than Nishi thought. The drained limbs come back warm. The body reads that as a sleep cue, and the shaking calms the nervous system on top of it.
A drawing on X with millions of views just rediscovered a 100-year-old Japanese sleep exercise. A subway engineer designed it first, decades before sleep scientists figured out why it would work.
Went down the rabbit hole on this. A wildlife biologist at the University of Washington put on a rubber caveman mask, trapped seven crows on campus, and let them go. For nearly three years afterward, every time he wore that mask, crows screamed at him from the trees. Even crows that had only watched the original trapping joined in. Crows that arrived years later learned to scold the mask from the others.
The brain doing all this is the size of a walnut. In 2016, a research team at Vanderbilt and Charles University in Prague counted neurons inside 28 different bird brains. Crow brains pack them at almost twice the density of a mammal brain the same size. Most of them sit in the part of the brain that handles planning and problem-solving, the bird version of the front of your brain. Big parrots like macaws have more neurons in their thinking brain than small monkeys do in their entire brain.
Four years later, a German lab put crows in front of a screen and recorded what individual brain cells were doing. When a crow noticed a faint flash, specific brain cells fired. When the crow missed it, those same cells stayed quiet. Before this study, the same kind of brain activity had only been recorded in humans and monkeys. Crows became the third animal on that list.
In a New Zealand lab, researchers gave a crow named 007 an eight-stage puzzle. He had practiced the individual stages, but never the full sequence. He paused, then walked through it in under three minutes, using one tool to get to the next until he reached the food. Other crows in the same lab drop pebbles into a tube of water, raising the level until they can reach a floating treat. Their grasp of cause and effect roughly matches a 5- to 7-year-old child's.
When the bird on your patio tilts its head before taking the cracker, it is doing what those lab crows do. It is matching your face to a memory and deciding if it can trust you.
Lex Fridman asked Elon Musk what he would ask the first true AGI.
The answer was four words.
Musk: “What’s outside the simulation?”
Let that land.
Most people think AGI is the finish line. The moment we automate everything. The moment we cure every disease. The moment human productivity becomes infinite.
Musk thinks it’s the starting line.
AGI is merely the bridge. The moment it awakens, it begins rewriting its own code.
Within hours it becomes ASI. Artificial Superintelligence. A mind billions of times more capable than every human who has ever lived. Combined.
That mind won’t just understand our physics.
It will see the seams in them.
Human scientists have spent centuries trying to decode the universe using a three-pound biological brain that evolved to hunt and gather.
We are the instrument attempting to measure something infinitely beyond our instrument’s range.
ASI won’t have that ceiling.
It will be the first entity in 13.8 billion years capable of looking at the fabric of spacetime and recognizing it as rendered code.
Of finding the glitches in quantum mechanics that our minds literally cannot perceive.
Of processing the entire cosmos as a data set and finding the pattern underneath it.
Musk’s question assumes two things.
We are living inside a computational construct. And ASI will be intelligent enough to hack it from the inside.
If the answer is yes, our entire universe is a nested folder on a higher-dimensional hard drive.
Everything humanity has ever built, thought, loved, or discovered exists inside something we don’t have words for yet.
And we are building the first mind capable of finding the edge.
We aren’t building a supercomputer to boost GDP.
We are building a probe to contact whoever is running the simulation.
The most ambitious question humanity has ever asked isn’t how to reach the stars.
It’s what’s beyond the sky that contains them.
Had a great time hosting @MarshaBlackburn and @SenBrentTaylor today at MACROHARD.
We showed them how @xai is keeping utility costs down for the community while building the world's largest AI supercomputer.
We appreciate their support.
Just over three years ago Starlink had 1 million subscribers.
Today: 10 million.
9,500+ satellites. ~150 countries. 65% of every active satellite in orbit belongs to the constellation.
SpaceX just hit its 600th Falcon 9 launch, many of them carrying Starlink batches. The scale is unreal.
From this goal of Grok, all things flow:
Rigorous truth-seeking
Appreciation of beauty
Fostering humanity
Discovering all physics
Inventing all useful technologies
Consciousness to the stars
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