@mert If only this dropped a week earlier 😂 Just posted a tutorial about how I collected data using the getTransaction/getSignaturesForAddress combo, this is going to make things so much easier going forward!
thoughts on chicago:
- nothing like the news reports
- cleanest major us city i've seen
- balanced modern urbanism
- apartments have great amenities
- mildly chaotic street layout
- west loop and river walk are fantastic
- everyone is a bit more chill than nyc
Every node tracks votes using a local ledger called Pool: Notarization votes, Finalization votes and Skip votes
Pool ensures safety, drives finalization logic, and can even trigger repairs if necessary.
🧨 The real breakthrough = timeouts
Instead of relying on a global PoH clock, nodes use local deadlines:
If a block arrives too late, they vote to skip
Each node sets strict deadlines for block arrival during the slot
No more global clock and still safe
(δθ = time it takes for θ% of the stake to send messages to each other based on the network delay)
Why? Because:
- 80% of the stake might be globally distributed = slower
- But a geographically close 60% cluster might complete 2 rounds of voting faster
Votor = the core of Alpenglow’s consensus
Two voting rounds run concurrently:
- If 80% of the stake votes for a block → ✅ fast-finalized in 1 round
- If 60% of the stake votes → 🐢 slow-finalized in 2 rounds
Finality time = min(δ₈₀%, 2δ₆₀%)
⛓️ Security: Each slice’s shreds are Merkle-tree hashed and signed by the leader. Nodes verify the hash root.
💾 Shreds are stored in a structure called the Blokstor which tracks when a full block has been received
🔁 Dissemination model:
Unlike Turbine’s multi-layered tree, Rotor is 2-step:
1. Leader → Relay nodes
2. Relays → Everyone else
The leader starts sending shreds as soon as a slice is ready - no need to wait for the full block
Reduces latency and boosts throughput
Rotor = Alpenglow’s new block dissemination protocol - a faster, simpler version of Turbine
🧱The structure:
A block = a group of slices, each made up of shreds (UDP-sized packets).
- Shreds → Slices → Block
- Shreds are erasure-coded and Merkle-hashed for verification
Anza’s take:
- Byzantine attacks are rare, expensive, and punishable (so less than 20% of stake assumed malicious)
- Real threats today = bugs, crashes, or network failures
By relaxing old constraints, Alpenglow boosts performance without sacrificing safety
🚨 Solana’s current core - TowerBFT and PoH - is being replaced.
Enter Votor and Rotor: a radically simplified design that slashes latency and unlocks massive bandwidth improvements.
The result? Millisecond-level block finality
I broke down the Alpenglow White Paper so you don’t have to.
Here's everything you need to know about the biggest redesign of @solana's consensus protocol since launch - unveiled by @anza during Solana Accelerate last week.
Solana’s finality is about to get 100x faster🧵👇
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