Justin Spencer @jayeahsem

What Actually is the Kelvin Emitter Terminal used on IGBTs and SiC Power MOSFETs Some IGBTs and SiC MOSFETs have an additional terminal known as a Kelvin emitter. It may be wondered what this is and how it should be used. All will be explained . . . . This extra terminal is connected to the emitter but routed from the die to the outside world as a separate terminal. The Kelvin emitter is essentially a dedicated connection to the emitter terminal that is separate from the main power current path. Its primary purpose is to provide a clean reference point for the gate drive circuit, minimizing the impact of voltage drops caused by the high switching currents flowing through the parasitic inductance and resistance of the main emitter connection. The presence of a Kelvin emitter terminal provides a number of benefits: Electronic components database Accurate Gate Voltage Control:   High and rapidly changing currents in the power emitter lead can induce voltage drops. If the gate drive circuit uses this point as its reference, these voltage fluctuations can interfere with the actual gate-emitter voltage seen by the IGBT die.
The Kelvin emitter terminal, carrying only the very small gate drive return current, avoids these voltage drops, ensuring a more accurate and stable VGE for precise switching control. Improved Switching Performance:   By providing a clean gate drive reference, the Kelvin emitter helps to achieve faster and cleaner switching transitions (both turn-on and turn-off). This reduces switching losses and allows for higher operating frequencies. Enhanced Noise Immunity:   The separation of the control and power paths improves the noise immunity of the gate drive circuit. Voltage transients on the power emitter are less likely to couple into the sensitive gate drive circuitry. Reduced Oscillations:   More precise gate voltage control, thanks to the Kelvin emitter, can help to dampen oscillations and ringing during switching transitions, leading to improved EMI (electromagnetic interference) performance. Facilitates Optimized Gate Drive Design:   With a more predictable and stable gate-emitter voltage, engineers can design more effective gate drive circuits, optimizing switching speed and minimizing losses without being overly affected by the power loop parasitics. In essence, the Kelvin emitter is a technique, often implemented as an extra pin on the IGBT package (typically in a 4-pin configuration), to implement a four-terminal connection to the emitter. So it’s really a very useful terminal where high current levels are being used. #IGBT #insulatedgatebipolartransistor #SiC #MOSFET #electroniccomponents #kelvinterminal #powerswitching #powerelectronics #electronicsnotes

Take note of the habits of those who win and tailor them to your situation, not everything works the same way in any setting.

InfoSciHub @InfoSciHub

2 weeks ago

Copy the habits of those who win. 📖 The Power of Focus

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MAC Address: Media Access Control Explained

Harvard University is offering FREE courses 🔥 💻 Computer Science 🐍 Python 🚀 Cybersecurity 📊 Data Science 🕹️ Game Development 🤖 Artificial Intelligence Here are 6 FREE courses to become skilled in 2024 : Open this thread get started today 🧵👇

“Education is not about filling your mind with facts; it’s about sparking curiosity and fostering the ability to think critically.”

Apologies to anyone trying to access my website at the moment. I'm currently experiencing what looks like some form of DDoS attack and the servers are somewhat over worked. We are working to resolve the issue, but in the mean time, if you can't access my website, please keep checking my posts and also watching my YouTube videos: youtube.com/electronicsnot…

🚨 BREAKING: A new 33-page PDF demystifying how hedge funds create bias-free signals This is what you need to know (Number 2 is the most important finding): 🧵

design-reuse.com/news/11892-agi…

GIVEAWAY! Over the course of the next year, we are giving away one AMD Spartan™ UltraScale+™ FPGA SCU35 Evaluation Kit to 12 winners. Every month we will randomly select one person from our mailing list to win a board. To be in with a chance of winning, simply sign up to the mailing list at the bottom of the page here fpgahorizons.com. If you are already a member, you will be in entered in to the draw. T&Cs fpgahorizons.com/giveaway-terms/

a citadel quant told me something that broke my entire trading framework "we don't predict markets. we model the state machine" he explained markov chains in 90 seconds the market is never random - it always exists in one of three states trending up, trending down, ranging - each has a fixed probability of shifting to another build the transition matrix from real price data: > trending up -> 68% stays trending, 21% flips to range, 11% reverses > ranging -> 54% stays range, 28% breaks up, 18% breaks down > trending down -> 61% stays falling, 24% flips to range, 15% reverses now you're not guessing, you're playing probability identify current state, enter with the 68% edge, size with kelly criterion based on that probability the formula is public - markov published it in 1906 hedge funds use it, the math costs nothing what costs you is asking the wrong question "where is price going?" is random "what state am I in right now?" has an answer transition matrix built from 10 years of data is your edge Bookmark it not a signal, not an indicator - just conditional probability that compounds every single trade

Roan @RohOnChain

a month ago

x.com/i/article/2053…

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Python is wild for finance. You can get FinViz in Python for free (this is how): (a thread)

These Simple Tricks Stop Emitter Follower Circuits From Oscillating Have you ever had a simple emitter follower circuit that started to oscillate all of its own accord. You ask yourself why should a simple circuit like this with no voltage gain oscillate, but it just does. I’ve had this problem occur on a number of occasions. So in this video I set out some I techniques I’ve used to stop this happening. I provide some tried and tested solutions that are certain to provide a solution. So watch my video now: youtu.be/AeLoxvMzXoo #circuitdesign #emitterfollower #spurious #spuriousoscillation #HardwareDesign #designtips

Tomas David Hood: "Reading the codes on these capacitors in the chart is a lot easier than it looks. You just take the first two numbers and add the number of zeros that the last digit indicates. For example, the code 103 means 10 followed by three zeros... which gives you 10,000pF or 10nF. If the code is 224, it is 22 with four zeros, meaning 220,000pF or 220nF. The exact same logic is used for resistors, except instead of numbers, they use color bands where each color represents a number. I struggled a lot to figure this out when I was a teenager learning electronics back in the 1970s. We did not have the internet to look things up back then, and I had no money to buy materials... my only source of knowledge was those old basic electronics magazines to spark my interest. Then one day I got my hands on an old television circuit board that actually had the value of each component printed right on the board. That is when I had a breakthrough--I made a table cross-referencing the printed values with the colors on each resistor. That is how I ended up unraveling the mystery all by myself and finally understood how it all worked. I am sharing this capacitor chart here to help anyone starting out today avoid going through that same struggle!"

First day back in the office after three weeks out at conferences. The 12 Spartan UltraScale boards I ordered were sat waiting for me. I plan to give these away over the next few months so stay tuned.

x.com/i/article/2056…

The engineer’s guide to RF cable assembly selection and use Complete guide → dky.bz/46IiX0m 📸: @MolexConnectors #engineering #interconnect

The JFET: a very useful component for today’s electronic designs. The Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) is a fundamental active component that strikes a perfect balance between cost, reliability, and performance. If you are looking to understand the core of voltage-controlled amplification, the JFET is the place to start. Here is a great look into the JFET basics based on the resources at Electronics Notes: 🔹 What exactly is a JFET? Unlike a standard bipolar transistor (BJT) which is current-operated, the JFET is a voltage-controlled device. It consists of a channel of semiconductor material (either N-type or P-type) through which current flows from the Source to the Drain. A third electrode, using a reverse biased diode junction is the Gate. This controls this flow by creating an electric field in the channel. 🔹 The High Impedance Advantage One of the JFET’s greatest strengths is its high input impedance - often reaching many megohms. Because the gate is reverse-biased, almost no current flows into it. This makes JFETs ideal for applications where you don't want to "load" the preceding circuit stage. 🔹 How it Works: The Depletion Region Think of the JFET like a water pipe with a flexible wall: 1. As you apply a reverse bias to the Gate, a depletion layer grows into the channel. 2. This layer acts as an insulator, narrowing the "pipe" through which electrons (or holes) can flow. 3. Increasing the gate voltage eventually leads to Pinch-Off, where the channel is restricted to its maximum extent, and current levels out. 🔹 Why use a JFET today? While MOSFETs offer even higher DC resistance, JFETs are often preferred for: ✅ Low Noise: Excellent for sensitive audio pre-amplifiers and RF stages. ✅ Robustness: Generally more resistant to static discharge than delicate MOSFETs. ✅ Simple Biasing: Easier to design into circuits with straightforward biasing requirements. ✅ Versatility: Used in everything from high-end oscillators to simple logic switches. 🔹 Physical Implementation Whether you’re working with legacy TO-92 leaded packages or modern SOT-23 surface-mount devices (SMD), JFETs are widely available and extremely affordable. They are commonly used in three main configurations: Common Source, Common Drain (Source Follower), and Common Gate. Understanding the JFET isn't just a history lesson - it’s a masterclass in how electric fields can be used to control power with precision. Check out more in my web page - link in the comments. #CircuitDesign #JFET #Semiconductors #TechEducation #electroniccomponents #electronicsnotes

I was so dumb-founded that when I checked the references cited by the A.I., it returned websites explaining the primary function of that single component (and not how as it is connected to that circuit). Now I wonder if I myself ever fell into this trap. Need to be careful!!

It is imperative to always double-check what A.I. spews out. I was arguing with someone over circuit theory that didn't make any sense and when I was researching on Google I managed to make a prompt that yielded verbatim the senseless argument the other party was defending. 😬